Chinland
State of Chinland | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Seal
| |
| Anthem: Chin National Anthem | |
 Location of Chinland (dark green) | |
| Status | Autonomous self-governing polity (de jure)[1] Independent state (de facto)[2] |
| Capital | Camp Victoria[citation needed] |
| Official languages | Burmese Kuki-Chin languages English |
| Regional languages | Mizo |
| Ethnic groups | Chin Myanmar Mizos |
| Demonym(s) | Chin |
| Government | Provisional parliamentary republic[1] |
• Chairman of Chinland Council | Pu Zing Cung |
• Prime Minister | Pu Pa Thang |
| Legislature | Chinland Council |
| Establishment | |
• Chin Hills Regulation Act | 13 August 1896 |
• Chin Forum Initiative | 1998 |
• Chinland Council | 13 April 2021 |
• Chinland Constitution | 6 December 2023 |
| Area | |
• Total | 36,018.8[3] km2 (13,906.9 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2014 census | 578,801[4] |
• Density | 16/km2 (41.4/sq mi) |
| Currency | Kyat (K) (MMK) |
Chinland, officially the State of Chinland, is a self-governing polity in Southeast Asia. Its claimed territory encompasses Myanmar's Chin State.[5] It controls approximately one third of the Chin State in western Myanmar, along the borders with Bangladesh and India.
History
[edit]
The state was established following the adoption of the Chinland Constitution on 6 December 2023 by the Chin National Front (CNF) and local administration organisations, establishing the Chinland Council as its governing body and changing the former name of Chin State to Chinland.[1] This constitution was objected to by resistance groups from 5 townships (Falam, Tedim, Kanpetlet, Mindat and Matupi) out of the 9 townships in Chin State.[6] The constitution aimed at creating a nation state for the Chin people following the principles of self-determination with a "coming together federal vision", i.e., a bottom-up approach for the establishment of future federal union in Myanmar.[5][1]
The Chinland Council, composed of 27 CNF members, 14 MPs and 68 members of local administrations, received the support of 14 of the 17 recognised local administration organisations in Chin State, with the exception of Falam, Tedim, Kanpetlet, Matupi and Mindat.[5][1][6]
On 17 May 2024, the National Unity Government and the Chinland Council held an online meeting for the first time. Although the details of the meeting were not stated, both parties agreed to hold more meetings in the future.[7]
Governance
[edit]Chinland's government is divided in three branches — executive, legislative and judiciary — overseen by the Chinland Council, expected to fully establish the three branches by January 2024.[1][needs update] The executive is expected to include 15 ministries, among which ministries for Defense, Home Affairs, Foreign Affairs and Immigration.[5]
The Chinland Constitution also establishes the Chin National Army as the state's only national army. Nonetheless, local administrations still maintain their own armed forces, most of them as part of the Chinland Defense Force and organised in the Chin Joint Defense Committee.[5]
Administrative divisions
[edit]The townland and regional divisions of Chinland are as follows:[8][9]
- Daai
- Falam
- Hakha
- Hualngo
- Kanpetlet
- Lautu
- Matupi
- Mara
- Mindat
- Ngawn
- Paletwa
- Senthang
- Thantlang
- Zanniat
- Zophei
- Zotung
Symbols
[edit]The flag used by the Chinland Council is identical to that of the Chin National Front, which differs from the Chin State's previous flag. It consists of three horizontal bands of red, white and blue, charged with two hornbills in the center.[1]
Status
[edit]While claiming to strive for a "federal democratic union", the constitution did not discuss Chinland's status with respect to Myanmar, leading to speculation about potential separatism.[5] However, the Chinland Council's constitution does explicitly state that a federal union is one of its main goals and that the Chinland Council and Government will work in coordination with the democratic National Unity Government, the National Unity Consultative Council, and other "federal units."[1]
Furthermore, some members of the previous Interim Chin National Consultative Council, established in 2021, have rejected the authority of the Chinland Council, fearing a ratification of the constitution would lead to the dissolution of the ICNCC.[5]
Moreover, the Chin community has had a mixed reaction to the formation of the Chinland Council. Many have hailed it as a milestone in Chin history, but others doubt its validity and inclusivity due to the absence of some stakeholders in its formation.[5]
Conflicts with other Chin groups
[edit]While the Chinland Council claims to be the sole representative of Chin interests, the establishment of Chinland has not been universally accepted within the Chin community. The Chin Brotherhood Alliance, formed on 30 December 2023, comprises several ethnic armed organizations active in Chin State, including the Chin National Defence Force, PDF-Zoland, and various Chinland Defense Forces. This alliance opposes the Chinland Council's authority, criticizing it for taking advantage of the conflict for territorial gains. [10]
On 31 January 2024, tensions escalated when the Chinland Defense Forces (CDF), alongside the Chin National Army (CNA), launched an offensive against the Maraland Defence Force (MDF), a member of the Chin Brotherhood Alliance, following the alleged killing of a CNA soldier and detention of CDF-Mara soldiers by the MDF. Subsequent clashes occurred in Paletwa Township near the Chin State-Rakhine State border, underscoring the ongoing divisions and armed confrontations within Chinland.[11]
On 20 May 2024, the Zomi Community of Queensland Inc. condemned the CNA for what they described as invading peaceful Zomi-inhabited areas in Myanmar through the villages of Muallum and Cingpikot in the Tedim, Tonzang, and Cikha townships, forcing villagers to flee and endure days without food or water. They emphasized that the Zomi, a peace-loving community, have endured the CNA's oppressive actions for the past 20 years and called for solidarity and condemnation of these actions, asserting that anyone supporting or funding the CNA's violence and human rights abuses is equally responsible for these atrocities.[12]
See also
[edit]- Wa State, another self-governing polity in Myanmar
- Chin National Front
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h Tum Hmung, Zo; Indergaard, John (11 January 2024). "Chinland Council Established in Myanmar". Stimson. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
- ^ Staff, MyInd. "Chinese-backed rebels in Myanmar declare new country on India's eastern border". MyIndMakers. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ "Union of Myanmar". City Population. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
- ^ Census Report. The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census. Vol. 2. Naypyitaw: Ministry of Immigration and Population. May 2015. p. 17.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "The First Chin-Written Constitution: A New Template For Self-Determination?". The Irrawaddy. 26 December 2023. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023.
- ^ a b Martin, Michael (1 November 2024). "Trouble Among the Chin of Myanmar". Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ၊ ပြည်ထောင်စုအစိုးရနှင့် ပြည်နယ်/ဖက်ဒရယ်ယူနစ်များအကြား ပူးပေါင်းဆောင်ရွက်ရေးကော်မရှင် (FSCC) နှင့် ချင်းပြည် (Chinland) ကောင်စီ တွေ့ဆုံအစည်းအဝေးကျင်းပ" [The National Unity Government, the Federal and State Coordination Commission, and the Chinland Council hold a meeting]. Ministry of Federal Union Affairs, National Unity Government (in Burmese). 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ "Chin Community (Germany)". www.ccgev.de. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ Matamis, Joaquin (11 January 2024). "Chinland Council Established in Myanmar • Stimson Center". Stimson Center. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ Zan, Hein Htoo (7 May 2024). "Chin Alliances Clash Over Territory Liberated From Myanmar Junta". The Irrawaddy.
- ^ MPM (3 February 2024). "Fighting intensifies between Chin revolutionary forces in Chin's Maraland » Myanmar Peace Monitor". Myanmar Peace Monitor.
- ^ "Facebook". www.facebook.com.